Abdul Rahman Ahmad Baha’i Muhammad Mas’ud al-Kawakibi (1271 AH / 1855 – 1320 AH / June 15, 1902 AD) was one of the pioneers of the Arab Renaissance and its thinkers in the nineteenth century, and one of the founders of Arab nationalist thought. He is famous for his book “The Nature of Despotism and the Downfalls of Slavery”, which is considered one of the most important Arabic books in the nineteenth century that discusses the phenomenon of political despotism. He is also a Hanafi jurist, interpreter and mufti of Aleppo in the Khusrawiyya Conditional School for the Mufti of Aleppo