Ernest Miller Hemingway, better known simply as Ernest Hemingway and nicknamed “Pope” (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961), was an American novelist, short story writer, journalist, and sportswriter. His eloquent and simple style, which he called the iceberg theory, had a powerful influence on 20th-century literature, while his adventurous lifestyle and public image have been admired by later generations. Hemingway wrote most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two works of nonfiction. Three of his novels, four short story collections, and three works of nonfiction were published posthumously. Many of his works are considered classics of American literature.