Sigmund Freud (May 6, 1856 – September 3, 1939) was an Austrian-Jewish physician, neurologist, and freethinker who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis. He is an Austrian neurologist who founded the school of psychoanalysis and modern psychology. Freud is best known for his theories of the mind and the unconscious, the defense mechanism of repression, and the creation of the clinical practice of psychoanalysis for the treatment of mental illnesses through dialogue between the patient and the psychoanalyst. He is also known for his technique of redefining the libido and the primary motivational energy of human life, as well as therapeutic techniques, including the use of the method of forming associations and psychotherapy circles, his theory of transference in the therapeutic relationship, and the interpretation of dreams as sources of insight into unconscious desires.
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Beyond the pleasure principle
د.ا4.26Discussing psychological forces that go beyond the search for pleasure, Freud introduces the concept of the “death instinct” alongside the life instinct, explaining human tendencies toward repetition, destruction, and suffering as part of a deep internal conflict within the human psyche.
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Civilization’s discontent
د.ا4.26It discusses the conflict between man’s instinctive desires (such as freedom and pleasure) and the demands of civilization that impose restrictions on these desires to maintain social order.
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Hysteria
د.ا4.26“Hysteria is not just a disease, but an expression of hidden conflicts between unconscious desires and the social pressures that constrain them.”
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Interpretation of Dreams
د.ا4.26It is a book in which Freud explains his theories about the interpretation of dreams and their relationship to the subconscious mind and repressed desires.
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Psychoanalysis of anxiety
د.ا4.26Understanding anxiety from a psychoanalytic perspective. On the psychological causes of anxiety and how to treat it within psychotherapy
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Psychopathology
د.ا4.26It focuses on the study of psychological disorders and abnormal behaviors, addressing their causes, symptoms, and methods of diagnosis and treatment, while providing a deep scientific understanding of psychological processes and their impact on mental health.
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Repression
د.ا4.26It deals with the impact of psychological repression on human behavior, explaining how socially unacceptable desires and feelings are repressed in the subconscious.
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Studies in the theory of gender
د.ا4.26It highlights how power uses the concept of gender as a tool of social control, by linking historical knowledge and discourses about the body and desire.
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Tomato and Taboo
د.ا4.26He relied on psychoanalytic theories to explain the development of religion, morality, and social relations, comparing the early stages of humanity to the depths of the human psyche.
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