Zygmunt Bauman (November 19, 1925 – January 9, 2017) was a Polish sociologist. He settled in England in 1971 after being expelled from Poland due to an anti-Semitic campaign orchestrated by the communist government he had previously led. A professor of sociology at the University of Leeds (and since 1990 a professor emeritus), Bauman is best known for his analyses of the relationship between modernity and the Holocaust, as well as his work on the materialist (consumerist) ideology of postmodernism.