{"id":30969,"date":"2026-07-25T12:27:58","date_gmt":"2026-07-25T12:27:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/awraqonline.com\/product\/%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b0%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6\/"},"modified":"2026-07-25T12:30:56","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T12:30:56","slug":"%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b0%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/awraqonline.com\/en\/product\/%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b0%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6\/","title":{"rendered":"Ishmael and Hagar The Outcast Tribe and the Imagined Israel"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>When did patriarchy triumph over matriarchy in ancient tribal societies? We don&#8217;t know precisely when this occurred, but the Torah&#8217;s account in the Book of Genesis of the expulsion of Hagar and her son Ishmael can indicate the place and time of this event, which would have the greatest impact in human history. From that moment of expulsion, we became children of the father, no longer children of the mother. The persistence of matrilineal descent among the ancient Arabs, even as late as the period preceding Islam, confirms that matrilineal descent is not a purely Jewish tradition, but rather an ancient Arab tribal custom.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This work re-examines the historical and religious narratives associated with Ishmael, Hagar, and the Children of Israel, offering a critical perspective based on a review of sources and an attempt to reinterpret historical events and geography.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":30966,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"product_cat":[839,833,835,834],"product_tag":[1072,1084,1357,1343],"class_list":["post-30969","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","product_cat-history-and-geography","product_cat-religions","product_cat-sociology","product_cat-philosophy","product_tag-history","product_tag-politics","product_tag-religions","product_tag-thought","pa_book-author-fadhil-al-rubaie","first","onbackorder","sale","shipping-taxable","purchasable","product-type-simple"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/awraqonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/30969","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/awraqonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/awraqonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/awraqonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30969"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/awraqonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30966"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/awraqonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/awraqonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=30969"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/awraqonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=30969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}