Michel Foucault (1926–1984) was a French philosopher, considered one of the most important philosophers of the latter half of the twentieth century. Influenced by structuralists, he studied and analyzed the history of madness in his book *History of Madness in the Classical Age*, addressing topics such as crime, punishment, and social practices in prisons. He coined the term “archaeology of knowledge.” He also chronicled sexuality, from *Greek pedophilia* to contemporary polemical approaches, such as *History of Sexuality*.